Australia 2 Essay Research Paper AustraliaThe name

Australia 2 Essay, Research Paper

Australia

The name of Australia comes from the Latin word Australis, which means southern. Since it lies

entirely in the southern hemisphere, Australia is most commonly referred to as “down under”.

Australia, being a country, is also a continent. In land area it’s the sixth largest for a country and the

smallest continent.

Australia is a very dry, thinly populated country. Very few coastal areas receive enough rainfall to

support a large population. The largest group of Australian people live in two large cities, Sydney and

Melbourne. The vast interior is mainly desert or grassland and there are very few settlements. As a

whole, the country has a density of six people per square mile.

The down under is famous for vast wide-open spaces, bright sunshine, bikini-clad beauties, enormous

numbers of sheep and cattle, and unusual wildlife. Kangaroos, Koalas, platypuses, and wombats are

a few of the erotic animals that live here.

Australia was originally settled by Great Britain as a prison colony in the late 1700’s, so now most

Australian people are of British ancestry. The immigrants brought all the customs too, such as driving

on the left side of the road and their favorite warm drink, tea. They also speak English as the official

language with their own Australian terms.

CLIMATE

The northern third of the Australian continent lies in the tropics and is warm or hot year round. The

rest of the country lies south of the tropics and has warm summers and mild cool winters. The rainfall

is seasonal in Australia.

In the wet season, heavy downpours and violent storms cause floods. But the droughts that plague

the nation are far more serious than any flood. Just about every section of Australia has a drought in

the dry season. These droughts cause severe water shortages and cause the need for dramatic

conservation laws as well as droughts there is also brush fires.

Rivers in Australia are one of its most vital resources. They supply the cities and towns with the

much-needed water. They also supply the farms with irrigation water. Though the rivers are dry most

of the year, dams and reservoirs keep water during the dry season.

Australia can basically be split into 3 parts-the eastern highlands, central lowlands, and the western

plateau.

The highlands consist mainly of high plateaus and broken-in places by hills, low mountain ridges, and

gorges. Grasses or forest cover most of the plateaus, but some have fertile lands for crops. The

southern part is most likely the most heavily populated part in all Australia, from Brisbane to

Melbourne. In the southern region lie the Australian Alps. The Murray River, Australia’s only river that

constantly flows from the Alps, is the longest river.

Australia’s second major region, the central lowlands, is generally a flat area with infrequent rainfall

along the north and south coasts and near the eastern highlands. Farmers in the southern region

grow wheat but most of the region is to hot or to dry for crops. However the course grass or shrubs

that cover the land make it suitable for livestock. The two large towns in the region have fewer than

30,000 people.

Australia’s third major region, the western plateau, covers the western two thirds of Australia. A vast,

dry, treeless plateau extends about 400 miles along the regions southern edge; while the central part

is mostly desert. A lot of the desert area consists of swirling sands that often drift into giant dunes. In

places the desert gives way to land covered by grass and shrubs. Grazing livestock can then use the

land. The north and south has the regions heaviest rainfall. The regions two largest cities are Adelaide

and Perth.

The Outback

The bush, as the Australians call it, refers to the countryside. The term outback refers specifically to

the interior of the country, with is mainly open countryside including vast expanses of grazing land.

About 13 percent of Australia’s people live in these rural areas. Many people live extremely isolated

lives on sheep and cattle ranches called stations. Some of the largest stations cover more than 1,000

square miles from the nearest town.

The outback has few paved roads so travel by car is difficult or impossible. Floods sometimes close

roads for weeks at a time. Most wealthy farm families own a light airplane, which they use to travel to

town. Other families get to town only a few times a year making it difficult to maintain necessities.

The largest settlements in rural Australia are widely spread towns that have developed to support

mining towns. For example, Kalgoorie, a town in western Australia, is the center of Australia’s major

gold and nickel fields. The town is in the arid region about 375 miles away from Perth and water must

be pumped there.

All rural areas in the outback are subject to floods, droughts, and brush fires. Because they share the

constant th

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