Childhood Education And Social Inequalities Essay Research

Childhood Education And Social Inequalities Essay, Research Paper

Early Childhood Development and Social Inequalities By All families should

have the same opportunities to live a descent life. But due to the backgrounds

of some families, and children, they may not have a chance for this. There are

certain risk factors that have a bearing on social inequalities in health, and

particularly those that are prone to preventative intervention. There are many

that I could talk about, but I have picked out four of these factors to talk

about. They are biological factors, family and social factors, parenting factors,

and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely,

because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept

hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and

social inequalities in a child.s life. These include biological, family and social

factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is

influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the

child.s social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include

premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The

significantly influence and infants growth. .Low birth weight, less than 2500

grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and

15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single

mothers.. At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a

large amount of premature infants, that their IQ was less than 85 at three

years of age. Race was the greatest factor in predicting outcome, that was

followed by maternal education, and then medical complications. The infants

of poorly educated African American mothers (90%) who had medical

complications were severely compromised, while only nine percent of white

infants with well-educated parents fell into this category, regardless of birth

complications. There are other biological variables that seem to be

independent of psycho-social factors. In one study, it was shown that if the

mother smoked during her pregnancy, there appeared to be a high risk for

conduct disorder and male children. This study suggested that are maybe a

direct effect on the still developing fetus. .The influences of genetics are seen

as an impact on social inequalities. The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study

provided researchers with important information related to genetic factors in

behavioral inhibition.. Behavioral inhibition is unstable between ages of 14 to

24 months, and that this change is due to genetics rather then environmental

factors. It suggests that genes may turn off and on at different ages, and that

genes are .context dependent.. In example of the Twin Study, comparisons

between the identical and fraternal twins show that there was a continual

genetic influence showing responses on cognitive, emotional, and behavior

arousal in response to distress of another, at the ages of 24 and 36 months.

Social influences that were shared by the twins with their interactions with

parents and others were a major influence with the mothers, but not the

testers. So genetic influences showed up more readily. Genetic influences

were ever present are not environmentally controlled. Maybe the social

background of a child with a low SES (socioeconomic status) could inhibit or

caused the trigger effect (turn on or off) of genetic propensities. Our next

topic is the family and social factors. Two of the biggest are social class and

poverty. These have been found very often to predict the developmental

outcomes of childhood. There are suggestions that infants and young children

who grow up in poverty are more likely to suffer health problems., cognitive

delays and behavioral problems as compared to children who do not grow

up in poverty. These poor children .more likely to experience medical

problems such as lead poisoning, failure to thrive, otitis media, iron

deficiency, anemia, and to score lower on developmental and cognitive

scales.. There are many variables that effect relationships indirectly, these

include nutrition, housing, medical care, lifestyles, neighborhood quality,

accidents, and exposure to toxic substances. Also a social and emotional

qualities in which the child develops: parenting skills, maltreatment, maternal

disharmony, and quality of care. Young children who have a low SES are

assigned the term .doubled jeopardy,. because they are not only exposed to

risk factors more frequently, but they also experience more serious

consequences from these risks. People from a low SES background are

vulnerable to negative events in their lives such as single parenting, social

isolation, and unemployment. The fate of the child raised in poverty is further

jeopardized by more exposur

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