NIKOLAEV AND YAKUTIA (Николаев и Якутия)

Ministry of Education RS (Yakutia)

The Yakut state university name M.K. Ammosova

Physicotechnical institute

Power faculty

REFERAT

On a theme: NIKOLAEV AND YAKUTIA

Has executed:

students of group ЭО-01

Vasil’ev M., Archaxov F., Mixailov A.

Has checked up:

Zaxarova E.V.

Yakutsk 2002.

THE CONTENTS

1. History ……………………………………………….…………………………………… 4

2. A few words about richness ………………………………………………. 5

3. Sovereignity …………………………………………………………………………… 6

4. Economic relations ………………………………………………………………... 8

5. Mikhail Nikolaev …………………………………………………………………... 10

6. The conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 11

The used literature …………………………………………………………………… 14

Yakutia is a well-known place in the world since ancient time. But Republic of Yakutia has received its own flag and stamp only recently, with receiving of true sovereignity. In opinion of majority of Republic citizens, both of state symbols most conciseness express historical destiny of Yakutia native people, their present day, their future and nature of the north country.

Present sovereign Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is an exporter and importer of goods production. But first of all a few words about history.

HISTORY

Beginning from the 17^th century, with coming of Cossackslandwalders to the Lena river, the “Lena area”, as they called Yakutia, attracted attention of Russian tzars, and their close surrounding. Of course, attention of Russian authorities to Yakutia was called by political and economical matters in difference of attention of scientists, travellers, men of letters.

Union of new lands, need in famous Yakutian fur, which was carrying off abroad, to European and Asian countries, filling up the state treasure, were necessary. Economic potention of Yakutia especially in the 20^th century, grew exceedingly, although it continued to serve as pantry of natural richnesses only.

A FEW WORDS ABOUT RICHNESS

Before this time richness of sakha people was cattle and its products, such as meat, milk and butter. Besides of this, it was nature: sakha, evenks, evens, jukagirs and local Russians, they were rigorous and silent, and nourished to nature the most tender feeling, used its gifts in necessary degree to live in these austere conditions. Furs were used only for practice. But in other hand, with sewing of clothes esthetical feeling of the people was manifested, they decorated their clothes with patterns, beads, other fur.

In the first half of the 17^th century fairies appeared on the northeast, and beginning in June 25,1768 a decree of Senate on instituting of official fairies in Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Udinsk was adopted, Astonishing fact was the quantity of merchants of second and third guilde, in Yakutsk in 1823 they were 43, in Olyekminsk they were 10, in Vilyuisk – 8.

That’s why in the end of the 19^th century Yakutian merchants traded on huge area not only in the area of north-east, they had exited to Japan, China, and other countries. In the 20^th century famous merchant families gathered put together, such as Averenskie, Astrafhantsevy, Molotcovy, Nikiforovy, and many others.

SOVEREIGNITY

Today, when the Republic of Sakha stands enough firmly on the base of sovereignity, it has possibility to trade itself with different states. The Republic is establishing international political and economic relations with its foreign partners, a number of intergovernmental agreements with countries of CIS and foreign countries were signed. Constant and Trade Representations of the Republic of Sakha were created in Latvia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, in several regions of Russian Federation.

There is almost all the Mendeleev table in Yakutia. Not in vain our ancestry made a proverb: “Nobody can desolate to bottom the chest of nature…” On the other hand Mikhail Nikolaev is right saying: “we must extract, produce and sell such quantity of production, that Yakutian will live in security”. In his work “Yakutia on the border of centuries” he stresses, that “it is necessary for the Republic to be directed on European countries, and especially to countries of Asian and Pacific ocean regions”.

First Yakutian jewelry plant give its production. In 1992 it gave products for 10 million roubles per day, now is achieved much more high level. There are things of gold, diamond, silver. Add to this fur, mamont bone, foal meat, deer meat, wood, coal, gas and so on. Republic of Sakha has something to offer to foreign customer,, and it can support our cultural connections, which have deep tradition, is coming of delegation of 47 people from brother-town Muroyama (Japan), the delegation carried out a number of important appointment, including appointment with the head of Yakutsk Alexey Tomtosov, rector of the university Vasily Philipov and others. Delegations from Austria, Great Britain, China, the USA and other countries desire visitors us.

ECONOMIC RELATIONS

But distinct character of our present connections must be mutually beneficial economical relations. The Republic has worked out 22 state and complex programmes of development, including almost all spheres of life and activity of population, and branches

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